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good morning and welcome to today's

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briefing on the increasing role that

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cubesats tiny inexpensive satellites are

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playing in exploration technology

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demonstration

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scientific research and educational

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investigations at nasa and throughout

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the space community

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a united launch alliance atlas v rocket

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is poised for liftoff tomorrow at 5 49

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a.m pacific time from vandenberg air

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force base in california where we are

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today and writing along as an auxiliary

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payload are 13 cubesats

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for the cubesats are nasa sponsored and

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nine of them are national reconnaissance

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office or nro sponsored and one of those

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was developed with nasa funding

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all will be flown on the nro's

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government rideshare advanced concepts

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experiment or grace which is an

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auxiliary payload aboard the

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nrol55 mission

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and to talk about the growing role

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cubesats are playing

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we're pleased to be joined today by

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steve jerzig

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associate administrator for the space

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technology mission directorate at nasa

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hubbell

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deputy chief cubesat program office the

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sheri zacharias

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vice president technology and laboratory

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john cerrafini

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vice president at allied mines and chief

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executive officer for both bridge sat

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andrew petro small spacecraft technology

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and scott higginbotham nasa launch

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services program ilana 12 mission

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so for those of you watching on tv or

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through the web we will be taking

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questions today on social media

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during the q a portion using the hashtag

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ask nasa kimberly williams from nasa's

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ames research center public affairs

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office is here and she is

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looking for incoming messages and we

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will be happy to take those questions a

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little bit later on for media who have

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dialed in on the phone a reminder to

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please press star one to be placed into

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the queue

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and we'll begin today's briefing with a

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few opening remarks steve

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thank you mike um it's great to be here

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today as we prepare for the first launch

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of nasa's and aerospace corporations

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optical communications and sensor

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demonstration ocsd mission i want to

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thank the nra for providing the launch

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opportunity and

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vandenberg air force base for hosting us

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as many of you know nasa has several

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small spacecraft or cubesats on

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tomorrow's launch

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nasa's cubesat launch initiative csli

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enables the launch of cubesat projects

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designed built and operated by students

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teachers faculty and government

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researchers also nasa's educational

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launch of nano satellites alana missions

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managed by the launch services program

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at kennedy space center in florida

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launched the cubesat selected through

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csli into space

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you hear from several people on this

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panel and the second panel about some of

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those very innovative cubesat missions

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you may be asking why is nasa investing

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in small spacecraft and cubesats we

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believe our investments will first

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advance the capabilities of small

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spacecraft to support nasa missions in

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exploration

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operations and our four science

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disciplines planetary science earth

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science heliophysics and astrophysics

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the perform missions are examined

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phenomena not otherwise possible

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accelerate the introduction of new small

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spacecraft technologies

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and capabilities and unleash nasa's

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unique capabilities and assets into the

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already vibrant small spacecraft

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community

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our small spacecraft technology or sst

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program of which ocst is an element

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as well as our science mission

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directorate and human exploration and

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operations mission directorate develop

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and demonstrate new small spacecraft

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technologies and capabilities for nasa's

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missions our ultimate goal is to promote

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small spacecraft as a paradigm shift for

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nasa and the larger space community

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the sstp is one of nine programs in the

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space technology mission directorate the

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program is managed by nasa ames research

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center at moffett field california ames

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has pioneered most of nasa's small

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spacecraft missions

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nasa's space technology mission

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directorate which is responsible for

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this technology demonstration is

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committed to developing the critical

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technologies and capabilities required

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to enable future exploration missions

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beyond low earth orbit

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in order to explore an asteroid or one

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day land humans on the surface of mars

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we will need sustained and substantial

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investments in advanced space

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technologies we will likely need the new

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capabilities we are demonstrating with

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these cubesats on our future missions

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into deep space

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without these investments we will not be

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able to move humans beyond the

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international space station in essence

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technology drives exploration and our

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journey to mars i also want to take a

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quick moment to talk about our cubequest

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challenge and element of our centennial

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challenges program

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non-government cubesat builders will vie

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for a launch opportunity to lunar orbit

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aboard a rocket on a future deep space

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mission from there they will compete for

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achievements in communication and deep

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space longevity and prizes totaling five

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and a half million dollars and now i'd

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thank you very much and i'd like to take

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this opportunity to thank nasa for

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inviting us here today to join the panel

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tomorrow the nro will be launching l55

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which is only the third nro launch of

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its kind that will provide ride share to

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an auxiliary payload of cubesats the

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grace mission will be hosting nine

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cubesats sponsored by the nro and four

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by nasa nro and nasa have a

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long-standing partnership with regards

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to cubesats where we exchange ride share

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opportunities and lessons learned when

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available

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the nro recognizes the utility of

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cubesats as a cost-effective way of

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exploring new technology and concepts of

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operation

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and cubesats are a great way to inspire

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innovation and cool science that's why

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the nro is committed to supporting

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government partners as providing free

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free ride to space on select nro

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launches and by sponsoring experiments

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to demonstrate new technology and

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capabilities that benefit not only the

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nro but the larger space community so

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i'd say we're definitely looking forward

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to tomorrow's launch thank you sherry

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good morning and i'm very pleased to

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have this opportunity i'm

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vice president of technology and

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laboratory operations at this aerospace

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corporation located in el segundo

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california aerospace is a non-profit

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corporation that operates a federally

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funded research and development center

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we

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act as an advisory role to government

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regarding space enterprise aerospace has

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been involved with cubesats or picosats

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for over 20 years we launched our first

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picoset in 1999

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and initially

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our

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activity was funded by darpa and

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internally funded we now have paying

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customers

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and initially the balance between

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innovation and risk was about even they

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were very highly innovative and also

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very highly risky

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as we've learned over the last 20 years

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by

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learning from our previous mistakes and

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and increasing our

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experience i'm happy to say that the

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risk has gone down the reliability has

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gone up and our innovation has stayed

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very high

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we um initially turned our focus on

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demonstrating technologies and we now

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are looking at enabling technology so

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that future missions are possible

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small satellites are really just the

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same as big satellites they have all the

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same subsystems and

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many of the same requirements so

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aerospace has developed appropriate

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power systems communication systems

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navigation systems

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attitude control and pointing systems as

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well as automated ground systems we

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currently operate three rf ground

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systems and one optical ground system

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with one of each

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about to

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come online shortly

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tomorrow's launch

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will be of the

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optical communication and sensor

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demonstration or ocsd

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this is a partnership between aerospace

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and nasa and it will demonstrate

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high-speed optical transmission of data

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in a future launch early next year we

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will

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launch two companion satellites which

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will demonstrate small

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satellite proximity operations this is a

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great example of a partnership between

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aerospace and nasa enabling technologies

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that will then be available for the

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entire community

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lastly i i want to talk about something

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that i feel pretty strongly about and

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that's that the cubesat program at

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aerospace has enabled our scientists and

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engineers to really get a hands-on feel

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for what it's like to begin a project

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determine what the requirements are and

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then see it all the way through to

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launch and operations in the satellite

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world that's a pretty rare

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thing to happen and it really gives our

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our scientists and engineer the

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opportunity to be creative

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and innovative as well as really get a

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feel for what it means to

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deal with a whole system and with that

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i'd like to turn it over to john

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thank you sherry hi i'm john cerafini

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i'm a venture capital investor with

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allied mines where i lead our two

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investments in low-earth orbit

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technologies namely bridge sat and

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hawkeye 360.

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allied mines is a differentiated venture

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capital investment firm as a publicly

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traded holding company we specialize in

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creating new companies from scratch

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around disruptive transformational

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intellectual property that we find in

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u.s universities and federal research

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labs

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given the amazing cost efficiencies to

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be gained through leo based

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investments and the new revenue models

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available through the commercialization

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of those capabilities we have been

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active investors in what many call new

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space

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for the past nearly two years allied

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minds has been working closely with dr

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rich welley and the rest of the smallsat

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team aerospace corporation

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to leverage the capabilities developed

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under the ocsd program to achieve

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commercial optical downlink as a service

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via a proprietary mesh network of small

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satellites that will interface with

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clients spacecraft and downlink their

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data at speeds orders of magnitude

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faster and with much lower latency than

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what is offered today by rf capabilities

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00:11:11,030 --> 00:11:09,360
alone

288
00:11:12,069 --> 00:11:11,040
tomorrow's launch is an extremely

289
00:11:14,389 --> 00:11:12,079
important milestone in the

290
00:11:16,550 --> 00:11:14,399
commercialization of this great ocsd

291
00:11:18,710 --> 00:11:16,560
optical transmission capability in

292
00:11:20,550 --> 00:11:18,720
providing strong evidence that rapid

293
00:11:22,230 --> 00:11:20,560
throughput can be achieved to the use of

294
00:11:24,389 --> 00:11:22,240
optical transmission

295
00:11:27,190 --> 00:11:24,399
on small satellites platforms

296
00:11:29,990 --> 00:11:27,200
tomorrow is 200 megabits per second

297
00:11:31,829 --> 00:11:30,000
by q1 we seek to demonstrate up to 622

298
00:11:34,949 --> 00:11:31,839
megabits per second and by the end of

299
00:11:37,269 --> 00:11:34,959
2016 we're seeking to achieve 2.5

300
00:11:39,269 --> 00:11:37,279
gigabits per second in throughput

301
00:11:40,949 --> 00:11:39,279
so why is this compelling

302
00:11:42,470 --> 00:11:40,959
first and i think we're all very

303
00:11:44,470 --> 00:11:42,480
familiar with this problem

304
00:11:46,150 --> 00:11:44,480
in that the amount of small sats today

305
00:11:47,430 --> 00:11:46,160
already in leo particularly earth

306
00:11:49,590 --> 00:11:47,440
observation

307
00:11:50,710 --> 00:11:49,600
are today generating an enormous amount

308
00:11:53,350 --> 00:11:50,720
of data

309
00:11:57,269 --> 00:11:53,360
so much so that the paucity of expensive

310
00:12:00,550 --> 00:11:57,279
rf resources available today means that

311
00:12:03,990 --> 00:12:00,560
a material amount of this data 15 to be

312
00:12:06,069 --> 00:12:04,000
precise is actually lost lost in space

313
00:12:08,069 --> 00:12:06,079
as the number of small satellites in leo

314
00:12:10,310 --> 00:12:08,079
increases exponentially over the next 10

315
00:12:12,470 --> 00:12:10,320
years to upwards of nearly 3 000 small

316
00:12:13,910 --> 00:12:12,480
sats and the payloads of these small

317
00:12:16,629 --> 00:12:13,920
satellites get increasingly more

318
00:12:18,470 --> 00:12:16,639
sophisticated and generate new data with

319
00:12:20,389 --> 00:12:18,480
synthetic aperture radar systems and

320
00:12:23,269 --> 00:12:20,399
live video platforms and hyper and

321
00:12:25,269 --> 00:12:23,279
multi-spectral imaging capabilities

322
00:12:27,590 --> 00:12:25,279
the amount of data to be generated over

323
00:12:29,509 --> 00:12:27,600
the next 10 years is estimated at up to

324
00:12:31,990 --> 00:12:29,519
32 exabytes

325
00:12:34,629 --> 00:12:32,000
of total data simply put without a new

326
00:12:36,870 --> 00:12:34,639
alternative for data transmission that

327
00:12:39,350 --> 00:12:36,880
is faster with lower latency and greater

328
00:12:41,110 --> 00:12:39,360
security it's clear that with just rf

329
00:12:43,190 --> 00:12:41,120
capabilities alone

330
00:12:45,670 --> 00:12:43,200
the amount of future data to be quote

331
00:12:47,670 --> 00:12:45,680
unquote lost in space will also increase

332
00:12:49,350 --> 00:12:47,680
exponentially

333
00:12:51,030 --> 00:12:49,360
the second reason driving the need for

334
00:12:53,190 --> 00:12:51,040
optical transmission

335
00:12:55,829 --> 00:12:53,200
is its promise for low latency

336
00:12:57,750 --> 00:12:55,839
imagine a scenario where data generated

337
00:13:00,310 --> 00:12:57,760
in leo could be available to terrestrial

338
00:13:02,069 --> 00:13:00,320
users not within days or hours but

339
00:13:03,750 --> 00:13:02,079
within seconds

340
00:13:05,509 --> 00:13:03,760
that promise can only be achieved with a

341
00:13:06,949 --> 00:13:05,519
mesh network of optical transmission

342
00:13:09,190 --> 00:13:06,959
capabilities

343
00:13:11,110 --> 00:13:09,200
we demand immediate access to our data

344
00:13:13,350 --> 00:13:11,120
here on earth so much so that we get

345
00:13:15,590 --> 00:13:13,360
angry if our web browsers don't load

346
00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:15,600
within two seconds why don't we demand

347
00:13:19,430 --> 00:13:17,680
the same of data that has originated

348
00:13:22,069 --> 00:13:19,440
from low earth orbit well bridge that

349
00:13:23,670 --> 00:13:22,079
will make that possibility

350
00:13:24,949 --> 00:13:23,680
finally we have recently established a

351
00:13:27,030 --> 00:13:24,959
second company

352
00:13:28,790 --> 00:13:27,040
named hawkeye 360 for the

353
00:13:31,190 --> 00:13:28,800
commercialization of intellectual

354
00:13:33,269 --> 00:13:31,200
property developed at virginia tech

355
00:13:34,550 --> 00:13:33,279
specifically for the geolocation and

356
00:13:37,030 --> 00:13:34,560
characterization

357
00:13:38,550 --> 00:13:37,040
of rf signals intelligence much more to

358
00:13:39,509 --> 00:13:38,560
follow about this new company in the

359
00:13:41,189 --> 00:13:39,519
future

360
00:13:42,230 --> 00:13:41,199
with that i'll pause and turn it over to

361
00:13:48,310 --> 00:13:42,240
andy

362
00:13:49,829 --> 00:13:48,320
nasa's small spacecraft technology

363
00:13:51,269 --> 00:13:49,839
program

364
00:13:54,069 --> 00:13:51,279
in which we are developing and

365
00:13:55,030 --> 00:13:54,079
demonstrating new technologies to

366
00:13:57,189 --> 00:13:55,040
enable

367
00:13:59,189 --> 00:13:57,199
greater capabilities for nasa's missions

368
00:14:00,710 --> 00:13:59,199
and science exploration and space

369
00:14:02,470 --> 00:14:00,720
operations

370
00:14:04,550 --> 00:14:02,480
i'd like to begin by thanking the nro

371
00:14:06,550 --> 00:14:04,560
for providing a ride to space for the

372
00:14:07,949 --> 00:14:06,560
optical communications and sensor

373
00:14:12,470 --> 00:14:07,959
demonstration

374
00:14:15,189 --> 00:14:12,480
ocsd was selected by nasa back in 2012

375
00:14:17,430 --> 00:14:15,199
it was one of only three

376
00:14:19,750 --> 00:14:17,440
projects selected from over 100

377
00:14:21,030 --> 00:14:19,760
proposals so it was a very competitive

378
00:14:23,750 --> 00:14:21,040
field

379
00:14:26,230 --> 00:14:23,760
the aerospace corporation that's leading

380
00:14:27,269 --> 00:14:26,240
this project also one of the other of

381
00:14:29,350 --> 00:14:27,279
the three

382
00:14:31,509 --> 00:14:29,360
from that set of projects

383
00:14:33,110 --> 00:14:31,519
led by rich welley who you'll be hearing

384
00:14:35,269 --> 00:14:33,120
from later

385
00:14:38,230 --> 00:14:35,279
the aerospace team

386
00:14:41,030 --> 00:14:38,240
are pioneers in the field of small very

387
00:14:43,269 --> 00:14:41,040
small spacecraft and

388
00:14:46,230 --> 00:14:43,279
as they've proven they're exceptionally

389
00:14:47,590 --> 00:14:46,240
creative and skilled engineers

390
00:14:49,750 --> 00:14:47,600
and it's really been a pleasure to work

391
00:14:51,829 --> 00:14:49,760
with them over the last couple of years

392
00:14:53,350 --> 00:14:51,839
we're also very excited about

393
00:14:55,829 --> 00:14:53,360
the commercial involvement that john

394
00:14:58,230 --> 00:14:55,839
talked about with with bridgeset

395
00:14:59,829 --> 00:14:58,240
we're not only developing these

396
00:15:02,710 --> 00:14:59,839
capabilities for nasa and for the

397
00:15:04,710 --> 00:15:02,720
government but you know we want to

398
00:15:06,629 --> 00:15:04,720
build the private industry in this field

399
00:15:08,310 --> 00:15:06,639
as well and that's that's very helpful

400
00:15:11,509 --> 00:15:08,320
in that

401
00:15:14,230 --> 00:15:11,519
ocsd is one of six flight projects we

402
00:15:16,629 --> 00:15:14,240
have underway right now and we have 15

403
00:15:18,550 --> 00:15:16,639
other projects in development

404
00:15:21,189 --> 00:15:18,560
we are working with nine different

405
00:15:23,189 --> 00:15:21,199
private companies 12 universities eight

406
00:15:25,189 --> 00:15:23,199
nasa centers and several other

407
00:15:26,790 --> 00:15:25,199
government agencies on these

408
00:15:28,710 --> 00:15:26,800
various projects

409
00:15:30,550 --> 00:15:28,720
i'd like to go to the illustration just

410
00:15:32,949 --> 00:15:30,560
to give a little context

411
00:15:35,829 --> 00:15:32,959
of how ocsd

412
00:15:39,189 --> 00:15:35,839
this mission fits into our overall

413
00:15:42,710 --> 00:15:39,199
portfolio of missions going back to 2013

414
00:15:44,150 --> 00:15:42,720
and 2014 we flew five phone sat

415
00:15:46,310 --> 00:15:44,160
satellites

416
00:15:47,670 --> 00:15:46,320
which were very simple low-cost

417
00:15:51,030 --> 00:15:47,680
satellites

418
00:15:53,030 --> 00:15:51,040
one u-cube sets that used a

419
00:15:55,590 --> 00:15:53,040
mobile phone as the

420
00:15:58,150 --> 00:15:55,600
basis of the control system that

421
00:16:01,189 --> 00:15:58,160
architecture has uh been continued in

422
00:16:03,910 --> 00:16:01,199
the next um series of satellites uh

423
00:16:06,870 --> 00:16:03,920
starting um next month at the end of

424
00:16:10,069 --> 00:16:06,880
this month we'll be launching the edison

425
00:16:12,230 --> 00:16:10,079
swarm which is eight cubesats um

426
00:16:13,430 --> 00:16:12,240
this is an example i

427
00:16:16,069 --> 00:16:13,440
have here

428
00:16:17,910 --> 00:16:16,079
is a one and a half u cubesat uh you can

429
00:16:19,269 --> 00:16:17,920
see it's similar in size and shape to

430
00:16:22,389 --> 00:16:19,279
the ocsd

431
00:16:24,470 --> 00:16:22,399
and it shows you the the flexibility and

432
00:16:26,389 --> 00:16:24,480
the power of this platform

433
00:16:28,150 --> 00:16:26,399
for doing a whole wide variety of

434
00:16:32,069 --> 00:16:28,160
different types of missions in in

435
00:16:33,430 --> 00:16:32,079
technology science and exploration

436
00:16:35,430 --> 00:16:33,440
so um

437
00:16:37,590 --> 00:16:35,440
in addition to to the missions i

438
00:16:39,430 --> 00:16:37,600
described uh the edison and nodes

439
00:16:41,910 --> 00:16:39,440
missions going um

440
00:16:43,430 --> 00:16:41,920
in the next two months um

441
00:16:45,430 --> 00:16:43,440
we have a

442
00:16:48,150 --> 00:16:45,440
flight a suborbital flight of a very

443
00:16:50,069 --> 00:16:48,160
small capsule uh which is another area

444
00:16:52,710 --> 00:16:50,079
of technology we're

445
00:16:55,110 --> 00:16:52,720
making making advancements in and then

446
00:16:57,829 --> 00:16:55,120
we come to the second flight of ocsd

447
00:16:59,430 --> 00:16:57,839
that was described uh taking this uh

448
00:17:00,710 --> 00:16:59,440
technology further in laser

449
00:17:02,870 --> 00:17:00,720
communications

450
00:17:06,230 --> 00:17:02,880
and proximity operations for small

451
00:17:08,470 --> 00:17:06,240
spacecraft and then we have a project

452
00:17:10,150 --> 00:17:08,480
led by jpl also

453
00:17:12,710 --> 00:17:10,160
with aerospace

454
00:17:15,510 --> 00:17:12,720
in which they will demonstrate a

455
00:17:18,870 --> 00:17:15,520
reflecting antenna which is a way to

456
00:17:20,309 --> 00:17:18,880
increase the capability of radio

457
00:17:21,990 --> 00:17:20,319
communication

458
00:17:24,549 --> 00:17:22,000
and then we have

459
00:17:26,789 --> 00:17:24,559
the cubesat proximity operations

460
00:17:28,710 --> 00:17:26,799
demonstration called cpod

461
00:17:31,029 --> 00:17:28,720
led by tyvac

462
00:17:33,990 --> 00:17:31,039
another small private company

463
00:17:36,549 --> 00:17:34,000
and uh that will demonstrate autonomous

464
00:17:38,789 --> 00:17:36,559
rendezvous and docking with two cubesats

465
00:17:40,789 --> 00:17:38,799
which is will be another um

466
00:17:42,630 --> 00:17:40,799
first for this type of activity with

467
00:17:45,190 --> 00:17:42,640
such small spacecraft

468
00:17:49,029 --> 00:17:45,200
and then we have several um the series

469
00:17:51,430 --> 00:17:49,039
of additional projects uh in development

470
00:17:54,470 --> 00:17:51,440
to do demonstrations of propulsion

471
00:17:57,830 --> 00:17:54,480
including electric propulsion uh with uh

472
00:18:01,110 --> 00:17:57,840
6u and in one case a 12u cubesat coming

473
00:18:04,549 --> 00:18:03,190
so

474
00:18:07,029 --> 00:18:04,559
to conclude

475
00:18:09,669 --> 00:18:07,039
we're hoping for a good launch tomorrow

476
00:18:12,549 --> 00:18:09,679
and lots of good things to come thanks

477
00:18:14,390 --> 00:18:12,559
and i'll turn it over to scott

478
00:18:16,870 --> 00:18:14,400
thanks andy good morning everyone

479
00:18:18,630 --> 00:18:16,880
i'm scott higginbotham i'm a mission

480
00:18:20,390 --> 00:18:18,640
manager in the launch services program

481
00:18:21,430 --> 00:18:20,400
and i'm the mission manager for alana

482
00:18:23,750 --> 00:18:21,440
12.

483
00:18:25,029 --> 00:18:23,760
four cubesats that are flying on this

484
00:18:26,950 --> 00:18:25,039
mission that are sponsored by the

485
00:18:28,390 --> 00:18:26,960
cubesat launch initiative

486
00:18:31,270 --> 00:18:28,400
it occurred to me driving in this

487
00:18:32,870 --> 00:18:31,280
morning that our uh mission is something

488
00:18:34,789 --> 00:18:32,880
something like a matrushka doll a

489
00:18:36,789 --> 00:18:34,799
nesting doll we have a mission within a

490
00:18:38,710 --> 00:18:36,799
mission within a mission we have a lana

491
00:18:40,230 --> 00:18:38,720
12 that's part of grace that's part of

492
00:18:42,549 --> 00:18:40,240
l55

493
00:18:45,750 --> 00:18:42,559
the four cubesats that make up ilana 12

494
00:18:47,510 --> 00:18:45,760
come from the full spectrum of providers

495
00:18:49,990 --> 00:18:47,520
that we work with in the cubesat launch

496
00:18:51,750 --> 00:18:50,000
initiative we have one coming from the

497
00:18:54,070 --> 00:18:51,760
jet propulsion laboratory representing

498
00:18:55,750 --> 00:18:54,080
government we have one coming from amsat

499
00:18:57,990 --> 00:18:55,760
that represents a non-profit

500
00:19:00,390 --> 00:18:58,000
organization and we have two coming from

501
00:19:02,070 --> 00:19:00,400
universities representing academia

502
00:19:03,750 --> 00:19:02,080
and all four of these spacecraft are

503
00:19:05,590 --> 00:19:03,760
looking into various aspects of

504
00:19:08,830 --> 00:19:05,600
technology development scientific

505
00:19:11,909 --> 00:19:08,840
research and educational uh

506
00:19:13,830 --> 00:19:11,919
outreach um all three four of these

507
00:19:15,350 --> 00:19:13,840
teams have worked extremely hard to get

508
00:19:17,430 --> 00:19:15,360
their hardware ready to go fly and we're

509
00:19:20,710 --> 00:19:17,440
very very proud of them not only did

510
00:19:22,710 --> 00:19:20,720
they have to build and test a spacecraft

511
00:19:25,909 --> 00:19:22,720
they had to produce a lot of objective

512
00:19:27,750 --> 00:19:25,919
evidence to prove to us to the nro and

513
00:19:29,590 --> 00:19:27,760
to united launch alliance and the air

514
00:19:31,350 --> 00:19:29,600
force that their hardware was safe to

515
00:19:33,909 --> 00:19:31,360
fly and would not harm the primary

516
00:19:35,830 --> 00:19:33,919
mission or hurt the public

517
00:19:36,950 --> 00:19:35,840
and they've done an excellent job and

518
00:19:39,190 --> 00:19:36,960
they're going to speak to you here at

519
00:19:40,789 --> 00:19:39,200
the next press conference about what it

520
00:19:42,549 --> 00:19:40,799
took to build their satellites and what

521
00:19:44,789 --> 00:19:42,559
these satellites are going to do so i

522
00:19:47,909 --> 00:19:44,799
won't steal any of their thunder

523
00:19:50,150 --> 00:19:47,919
in conclusion i want to thank the nro in

524
00:19:52,470 --> 00:19:50,160
particular the office of space launch

525
00:19:54,390 --> 00:19:52,480
for their outstanding leadership and

526
00:19:56,230 --> 00:19:54,400
pulling this mission together

527
00:19:59,029 --> 00:19:56,240
i should also recognize their

528
00:20:02,070 --> 00:19:59,039
integration contractor sri who did a

529
00:20:04,230 --> 00:20:02,080
magnificent job all these people and ula

530
00:20:07,669 --> 00:20:04,240
all these people did a wonderful job of

531
00:20:09,510 --> 00:20:07,679
making a very hard task look easy and

532
00:20:11,909 --> 00:20:09,520
because of their efforts we're ready to

533
00:20:15,990 --> 00:20:11,919
go fly tomorrow so with that

534
00:20:16,789 --> 00:20:16,000
go l55 go grace go ilana 12.

535
00:20:19,430 --> 00:20:16,799
mike

536
00:20:21,669 --> 00:20:19,440
thank you scott and thank you everybody

537
00:20:23,830 --> 00:20:21,679
we're ready now to take questions and

538
00:20:26,070 --> 00:20:23,840
we'll be taking questions from those on

539
00:20:28,870 --> 00:20:26,080
the phone and online

540
00:20:30,070 --> 00:20:28,880
and as a reminder if you're watching um

541
00:20:31,669 --> 00:20:30,080
from afar

542
00:20:33,750 --> 00:20:31,679
please make sure to send your questions

543
00:20:36,070 --> 00:20:33,760
on social media using the hashtag

544
00:20:38,950 --> 00:20:36,080
asknasa and for reporters on the

545
00:20:40,470 --> 00:20:38,960
telephone don't forget to hit star one

546
00:20:41,510 --> 00:20:40,480
to be placed into the queue for

547
00:20:43,590 --> 00:20:41,520
questions

548
00:20:45,750 --> 00:20:43,600
and uh when you are called on please

549
00:20:47,990 --> 00:20:45,760
state your name your affiliation and to

550
00:20:49,669 --> 00:20:48,000
whom you're addressing your question

551
00:20:51,750 --> 00:20:49,679
we'll take one question and that if time

552
00:20:54,149 --> 00:20:51,760
allows we'll be happy to go back for uh

553
00:20:55,909 --> 00:20:54,159
follow-up questions and also because we

554
00:20:57,909 --> 00:20:55,919
have such a large panel please be

555
00:20:59,909 --> 00:20:57,919
mindful that we have limited time and

556
00:21:01,909 --> 00:20:59,919
we'd like to ask that you uh

557
00:21:04,390 --> 00:21:01,919
keep your questions focused on the

558
00:21:06,950 --> 00:21:04,400
panel's topic today which is the use of

559
00:21:08,789 --> 00:21:06,960
cubesats in space exploration we will

560
00:21:11,430 --> 00:21:08,799
not be discussing any details about

561
00:21:14,070 --> 00:21:11,440
tomorrow's launch

562
00:21:16,230 --> 00:21:14,080
so we'll begin uh with questions here

563
00:21:18,310 --> 00:21:16,240
with kimberly williams from ames

564
00:21:20,470 --> 00:21:18,320
research center nasa's ames research

565
00:21:22,470 --> 00:21:20,480
center she has been following incoming

566
00:21:23,590 --> 00:21:22,480
questions on the hashtag ask nasa

567
00:21:25,669 --> 00:21:23,600
kimberly

568
00:21:27,270 --> 00:21:25,679
our first question for today would be

569
00:21:29,110 --> 00:21:27,280
directed to scott

570
00:21:30,950 --> 00:21:29,120
students are watching this launch and

571
00:21:33,830 --> 00:21:30,960
the press briefing during their lunch

572
00:21:35,990 --> 00:21:33,840
time how can more of them get involved

573
00:21:40,230 --> 00:21:36,000
and can this be related to humanities

574
00:21:46,549 --> 00:21:44,230
okay well um how you can get involved um

575
00:21:47,990 --> 00:21:46,559
put together a proposal for building a

576
00:21:49,990 --> 00:21:48,000
spacecraft

577
00:21:51,909 --> 00:21:50,000
and submit it to nasa

578
00:21:54,549 --> 00:21:51,919
we put out a call for cubesat launch

579
00:21:57,430 --> 00:21:54,559
initiative projects every year

580
00:21:59,669 --> 00:21:57,440
i think call 7 is underway right now

581
00:22:03,029 --> 00:21:59,679
propose a satellite that meets some nasa

582
00:22:05,350 --> 00:22:03,039
objectives in an educational

583
00:22:07,909 --> 00:22:05,360
outreach technology development or

584
00:22:09,909 --> 00:22:07,919
science and exploration

585
00:22:12,710 --> 00:22:09,919
get it get it funded and we'll provide

586
00:22:14,070 --> 00:22:12,720
the launch to you if you're selected

587
00:22:15,990 --> 00:22:14,080
but that's not the only way to get

588
00:22:18,070 --> 00:22:16,000
involved there's there's all sorts of

589
00:22:19,909 --> 00:22:18,080
things you can look at our nasa website

590
00:22:21,990 --> 00:22:19,919
we have a tremendous educational

591
00:22:24,549 --> 00:22:22,000
outreach organization that works with

592
00:22:26,310 --> 00:22:24,559
schools both primary schools all the way

593
00:22:27,990 --> 00:22:26,320
up through colleges around the country

594
00:22:30,390 --> 00:22:28,000
providing a variety of different ways

595
00:22:32,230 --> 00:22:30,400
that you can get involved but building

596
00:22:33,830 --> 00:22:32,240
spacecraft are cool you know that's a

597
00:22:35,669 --> 00:22:33,840
neat thing to go do if you can if you

598
00:22:37,430 --> 00:22:35,679
can pull it off and i highly encourage

599
00:22:39,190 --> 00:22:37,440
you to do it in fact we have our first

600
00:22:41,350 --> 00:22:39,200
elementary school

601
00:22:42,789 --> 00:22:41,360
has built a cubesat and it's already

602
00:22:45,190 --> 00:22:42,799
been turned over and packaged for launch

603
00:22:46,710 --> 00:22:45,200
it's going up in december on the ilana 9

604
00:22:48,549 --> 00:22:46,720
mission up to the space station to be

605
00:22:50,789 --> 00:22:48,559
deployed so if an elementary school can

606
00:22:52,630 --> 00:22:50,799
do it so can you

607
00:22:54,549 --> 00:22:52,640
as far as humanities are concerned wow

608
00:22:55,430 --> 00:22:54,559
that's tough because i'm an engineer and

609
00:22:57,350 --> 00:22:55,440
um

610
00:22:59,909 --> 00:22:57,360
but i i think that

611
00:23:02,470 --> 00:22:59,919
for me imagery from space

612
00:23:04,710 --> 00:23:02,480
has an artistic quality to it and

613
00:23:06,789 --> 00:23:04,720
perhaps that's a that's a way that you

614
00:23:11,430 --> 00:23:06,799
can express yourself by gathering images

615
00:23:11,440 --> 00:23:13,990
okay

616
00:23:18,070 --> 00:23:16,230
all right kimberly has uh do you have

617
00:23:19,590 --> 00:23:18,080
any other questions that you can pass on

618
00:23:22,789 --> 00:23:19,600
to us

619
00:23:25,029 --> 00:23:22,799
this would be directed to nasa

620
00:23:26,870 --> 00:23:25,039
what does nasa expect to learn from

621
00:23:30,390 --> 00:23:26,880
technology demonstrations with small

622
00:23:34,549 --> 00:23:32,310
so we learn a tremendous amount about

623
00:23:36,870 --> 00:23:34,559
developing technology and testing it on

624
00:23:39,830 --> 00:23:36,880
earth and including in simulated space

625
00:23:41,750 --> 00:23:39,840
environment we put hardware on vibration

626
00:23:43,990 --> 00:23:41,760
tables to submit the launch environment

627
00:23:47,110 --> 00:23:44,000
we put them in vacuum changers and cycle

628
00:23:49,590 --> 00:23:47,120
the hardware hot and cold um but it it

629
00:23:51,350 --> 00:23:49,600
does not fully simulate uh the space

630
00:23:53,029 --> 00:23:51,360
environment and going into space

631
00:23:55,430 --> 00:23:53,039
so the first thing is testing the

632
00:23:56,710 --> 00:23:55,440
technologies as they're intended to use

633
00:23:58,470 --> 00:23:56,720
in the system

634
00:24:00,630 --> 00:23:58,480
in low earth orbit that is that is

635
00:24:02,230 --> 00:24:00,640
critical to eventually

636
00:24:04,149 --> 00:24:02,240
being able to use technologies in

637
00:24:05,110 --> 00:24:04,159
exploration missions and science

638
00:24:07,750 --> 00:24:05,120
missions

639
00:24:09,909 --> 00:24:07,760
and so on ocsd we're trying to mature

640
00:24:11,590 --> 00:24:09,919
laser communications technology and like

641
00:24:14,230 --> 00:24:11,600
scott said increase

642
00:24:16,870 --> 00:24:14,240
the ability to get larger amounts of

643
00:24:19,350 --> 00:24:16,880
data from low earth orbit to the ground

644
00:24:21,029 --> 00:24:19,360
but we're also advancing uh like andy

645
00:24:22,950 --> 00:24:21,039
andrew mentioned uh propulsion

646
00:24:25,110 --> 00:24:22,960
technologies uh attitude termination

647
00:24:27,190 --> 00:24:25,120
control system families um power system

648
00:24:29,669 --> 00:24:27,200
technologies and our goal is to make

649
00:24:31,430 --> 00:24:29,679
these platforms more capable

650
00:24:33,510 --> 00:24:31,440
along with the instrumentation that goes

651
00:24:37,190 --> 00:24:33,520
on them to do real meaningful

652
00:24:40,390 --> 00:24:39,029
uh just a reminder for uh the reporters

653
00:24:42,310 --> 00:24:40,400
are on the phone we have a number of

654
00:24:44,470 --> 00:24:42,320
reporters on the phone but nobody is uh

655
00:24:46,230 --> 00:24:44,480
into the question queue so a reminder if

656
00:24:47,190 --> 00:24:46,240
you have a question don't forget you

657
00:24:49,990 --> 00:24:47,200
need to

658
00:24:52,310 --> 00:24:50,000
push star one to get into the question

659
00:24:54,710 --> 00:24:52,320
queue and also again for social media

660
00:24:56,149 --> 00:24:54,720
it's hashtag ask nasa

661
00:24:57,990 --> 00:24:56,159
kimberly

662
00:24:59,430 --> 00:24:58,000
and our last question at the moment is

663
00:25:01,269 --> 00:24:59,440
for sherry

664
00:25:05,590 --> 00:25:01,279
why are laser communications so

665
00:25:08,950 --> 00:25:07,590
this is development and

666
00:25:10,630 --> 00:25:08,960
my colleague

667
00:25:13,190 --> 00:25:10,640
dr rich welley will discuss it a little

668
00:25:15,669 --> 00:25:13,200
bit more in the next panel but this is a

669
00:25:16,470 --> 00:25:15,679
demonstration of how small we can make

670
00:25:18,950 --> 00:25:16,480
the

671
00:25:20,950 --> 00:25:18,960
optical lasers and

672
00:25:23,909 --> 00:25:20,960
whether or not we can have sufficient

673
00:25:25,990 --> 00:25:23,919
pointing accuracy of the cubesats so

674
00:25:28,549 --> 00:25:26,000
that we can actually fulfill the mission

675
00:25:30,630 --> 00:25:28,559
so a lot of this is what we would call a

676
00:25:32,470 --> 00:25:30,640
technology demonstration

677
00:25:33,750 --> 00:25:32,480
and um

678
00:25:35,750 --> 00:25:33,760
we will

679
00:25:37,990 --> 00:25:35,760
fly this laser and

680
00:25:42,630 --> 00:25:38,000
learn how to make it better and and have

681
00:25:45,669 --> 00:25:43,830
okay why don't we see if we have any

682
00:25:46,950 --> 00:25:45,679
questions in the room from uh

683
00:25:48,789 --> 00:25:46,960
from anyone in the audience who would

684
00:25:54,230 --> 00:25:48,799
like to ask the panel do we have any

685
00:25:57,750 --> 00:25:55,430
okay

686
00:25:58,549 --> 00:25:57,760
if i could expand upon sherry's answer

687
00:26:00,710 --> 00:25:58,559
yeah

688
00:26:03,190 --> 00:26:00,720
i think one of the things that makes new

689
00:26:06,149 --> 00:26:03,200
space interesting is given the very low

690
00:26:08,230 --> 00:26:06,159
cost of producing each iteration of

691
00:26:10,390 --> 00:26:08,240
small satellites means that it's almost

692
00:26:12,149 --> 00:26:10,400
like software development scrum based

693
00:26:14,789 --> 00:26:12,159
software development where you can come

694
00:26:16,149 --> 00:26:14,799
up with the next iteration to build and

695
00:26:18,470 --> 00:26:16,159
launch for a couple hundred thousand

696
00:26:19,510 --> 00:26:18,480
dollars and that's exciting because to

697
00:26:21,110 --> 00:26:19,520
create

698
00:26:23,669 --> 00:26:21,120
where we are with 200 megabits per

699
00:26:25,830 --> 00:26:23,679
second and then get to 622 megabits per

700
00:26:27,510 --> 00:26:25,840
second within only a few months

701
00:26:28,950 --> 00:26:27,520
that's a capability that that could

702
00:26:31,190 --> 00:26:28,960
never be achieved when you're talking

703
00:26:33,190 --> 00:26:31,200
about much larger satellites

704
00:26:34,630 --> 00:26:33,200
that require years upon years of

705
00:26:35,909 --> 00:26:34,640
development efforts and billions of

706
00:26:38,149 --> 00:26:35,919
dollars and so that's one of the

707
00:26:40,470 --> 00:26:38,159
benefits that we really appreciate about

708
00:26:42,630 --> 00:26:40,480
being investors in in low earth orbit is

709
00:26:46,149 --> 00:26:42,640
is the speed to market with each new

710
00:26:51,430 --> 00:26:48,470
okay thank you um we do have a caller on

711
00:26:53,350 --> 00:26:51,440
the phone bridge dan from fox news

712
00:26:56,549 --> 00:26:53,360
dan go ahead please

713
00:26:57,350 --> 00:26:56,559
hey guys um quick question regarding um

714
00:26:59,269 --> 00:26:57,360
the

715
00:27:01,909 --> 00:26:59,279
cubesats and

716
00:27:03,430 --> 00:27:01,919
the single-use nature of them the ease

717
00:27:04,870 --> 00:27:03,440
of making them

718
00:27:06,549 --> 00:27:04,880
uh i know that's one of the things

719
00:27:09,269 --> 00:27:06,559
that's synthesized you know it's a

720
00:27:11,430 --> 00:27:09,279
school group

721
00:27:13,110 --> 00:27:11,440
this technology involves

722
00:27:15,110 --> 00:27:13,120
how much more complicated and

723
00:27:17,909 --> 00:27:15,120
sophisticated do you expect that this

724
00:27:20,549 --> 00:27:17,919
technology will be able to get you know

725
00:27:22,789 --> 00:27:20,559
kind of using the analogy of of our

726
00:27:24,789 --> 00:27:22,799
phones being able to do what a giant

727
00:27:27,430 --> 00:27:24,799
super computer used to do

728
00:27:29,669 --> 00:27:27,440
you know 30 40 years ago do we see

729
00:27:32,710 --> 00:27:29,679
cubesats really taking over some of the

730
00:27:37,750 --> 00:27:32,720
uses of what you know larger traditional

731
00:27:42,870 --> 00:27:41,669
i i might address that one

732
00:27:44,630 --> 00:27:42,880
it's

733
00:27:47,269 --> 00:27:44,640
not that we see

734
00:27:49,430 --> 00:27:47,279
cubesats or small spacecraft replacing

735
00:27:52,389 --> 00:27:49,440
larger satellites completely but we

736
00:27:54,070 --> 00:27:52,399
think there are some unique applications

737
00:27:56,389 --> 00:27:54,080
that for which small satellites might

738
00:27:58,470 --> 00:27:56,399
even be better than larger ones if you

739
00:28:00,470 --> 00:27:58,480
want to do distributed measurements over

740
00:28:02,389 --> 00:28:00,480
a large area and collect that data

741
00:28:04,630 --> 00:28:02,399
that's what we're demonstrating with the

742
00:28:06,149 --> 00:28:04,640
edison um mission

743
00:28:07,590 --> 00:28:06,159
and uh

744
00:28:09,190 --> 00:28:07,600
the uh

745
00:28:10,149 --> 00:28:09,200
you know

746
00:28:11,990 --> 00:28:10,159
the the

747
00:28:14,630 --> 00:28:12,000
the time frame that we talked about the

748
00:28:16,549 --> 00:28:14,640
ability to fly a mission quickly learn

749
00:28:18,389 --> 00:28:16,559
from it and turn around and fly another

750
00:28:20,470 --> 00:28:18,399
one very quickly is something you don't

751
00:28:22,389 --> 00:28:20,480
get with large

752
00:28:24,470 --> 00:28:22,399
multi-billion dollar projects that take

753
00:28:27,669 --> 00:28:24,480
five or ten years or more

754
00:28:30,950 --> 00:28:27,679
to begin so we see it driving innovation

755
00:28:33,350 --> 00:28:30,960
and we see it providing very unique

756
00:28:35,510 --> 00:28:33,360
new capabilities

757
00:28:37,830 --> 00:28:35,520
that will supplement and complement what

758
00:28:39,590 --> 00:28:37,840
we do with larger satellites and if i

759
00:28:41,950 --> 00:28:39,600
could just augment that

760
00:28:45,909 --> 00:28:41,960
aerospace has been looking at different

761
00:28:49,110 --> 00:28:45,919
constellations and it may be possible

762
00:28:51,590 --> 00:28:49,120
with constellations of small sats to do

763
00:28:53,830 --> 00:28:51,600
different types of work as well as doing

764
00:28:55,430 --> 00:28:53,840
a mixed constellation

765
00:28:57,110 --> 00:28:55,440
using large satellites and small

766
00:28:59,590 --> 00:28:57,120
satellites to

767
00:29:03,269 --> 00:28:59,600
to accomplish different tasks you might

768
00:29:05,909 --> 00:29:03,279
imagine a small satellite

769
00:29:07,909 --> 00:29:05,919
looking uh being deployed from something

770
00:29:09,830 --> 00:29:07,919
larger and looking to see if there's an

771
00:29:12,310 --> 00:29:09,840
anomaly if we could understand why

772
00:29:14,470 --> 00:29:12,320
because it would have an upfront view of

773
00:29:16,630 --> 00:29:14,480
what's going on so there are lots of

774
00:29:19,269 --> 00:29:16,640
different kinds of missions that

775
00:29:21,909 --> 00:29:19,279
cubesats may be possible of doing or

776
00:29:24,950 --> 00:29:21,919
swarms of small sets

777
00:29:28,310 --> 00:29:24,960
that large satellites just can't thank

778
00:29:30,470 --> 00:29:28,320
you i think the the miniaturization of

779
00:29:33,590 --> 00:29:30,480
satellite componentry the advances in

780
00:29:35,909 --> 00:29:33,600
dignitas the digital signal processing

781
00:29:37,669 --> 00:29:35,919
it's it's also a great story monetarily

782
00:29:39,909 --> 00:29:37,679
you know what once took billions of

783
00:29:42,630 --> 00:29:39,919
dollars and years for us to build and

784
00:29:45,909 --> 00:29:42,640
launch a very sophisticated exquisite

785
00:29:47,830 --> 00:29:45,919
asset up into geo now can be done maybe

786
00:29:50,230 --> 00:29:47,840
not the entire full package of

787
00:29:53,029 --> 00:29:50,240
capabilities but for hundreds of

788
00:29:55,190 --> 00:29:53,039
thousands or small millions of dollars

789
00:29:56,870 --> 00:29:55,200
in months and that's that's a very

790
00:29:59,190 --> 00:29:56,880
interesting proposition particularly to

791
00:30:01,830 --> 00:29:59,200
the american taxpayer who now can see

792
00:30:03,909 --> 00:30:01,840
many of those capabilities replicated um

793
00:30:06,789 --> 00:30:03,919
with a much higher return on invested

794
00:30:09,990 --> 00:30:08,470
before we go back to kimberly for uh

795
00:30:12,630 --> 00:30:10,000
some questions online we do have a

796
00:30:15,590 --> 00:30:12,640
question in the back of the room

797
00:30:18,070 --> 00:30:15,600
hi i'm jerry buxton with amsat and

798
00:30:20,950 --> 00:30:18,080
regarding the access to space through

799
00:30:24,549 --> 00:30:20,960
the csli and the alana program we have

800
00:30:27,190 --> 00:30:24,559
our nrol 55 tomorrow and scott mentioned

801
00:30:30,070 --> 00:30:27,200
alana 9 going to the iss what are the

802
00:30:31,909 --> 00:30:30,080
types of launches opportunities what's

803
00:30:33,750 --> 00:30:31,919
the scope of that that nasa looks at in

804
00:30:36,710 --> 00:30:33,760
order to be able to provide these

805
00:30:38,630 --> 00:30:36,720
opportunities to the small sets

806
00:30:40,630 --> 00:30:38,640
i'll take that um

807
00:30:42,389 --> 00:30:40,640
basically we look for the right vehicle

808
00:30:45,110 --> 00:30:42,399
going to the right place at the right

809
00:30:47,750 --> 00:30:45,120
time at the right price

810
00:30:49,510 --> 00:30:47,760
you know not every cubesat is for

811
00:30:51,350 --> 00:30:49,520
timewise not every cubesat is ready to

812
00:30:53,669 --> 00:30:51,360
go when the rocket's ready to go and

813
00:30:55,269 --> 00:30:53,679
since we're flying is along in the

814
00:30:57,750 --> 00:30:55,279
excess capacity of the rocket for the

815
00:30:59,990 --> 00:30:57,760
most part we got to go when they go

816
00:31:01,430 --> 00:31:00,000
so we have to align the cubesat projects

817
00:31:03,269 --> 00:31:01,440
with with the rocket that's going in

818
00:31:05,430 --> 00:31:03,279
that direction then we got to worry

819
00:31:06,789 --> 00:31:05,440
about where they're going uh the place

820
00:31:08,549 --> 00:31:06,799
are they going to the right inclination

821
00:31:10,710 --> 00:31:08,559
for you to do your science or in some

822
00:31:12,230 --> 00:31:10,720
cases for you to be able to talk to your

823
00:31:14,070 --> 00:31:12,240
satellite a lot of the teams we work

824
00:31:15,590 --> 00:31:14,080
with have a single ground station

825
00:31:17,509 --> 00:31:15,600
they're in a place on the planet and not

826
00:31:19,669 --> 00:31:17,519
all orbits go over that ground station

827
00:31:21,110 --> 00:31:19,679
and so they need us to be able to put

828
00:31:23,830 --> 00:31:21,120
them in the right place so that flight

829
00:31:25,669 --> 00:31:23,840
may not be the right flight for them

830
00:31:27,269 --> 00:31:25,679
same thing with altitude

831
00:31:28,310 --> 00:31:27,279
not every altitude is good for every

832
00:31:31,269 --> 00:31:28,320
satellite

833
00:31:32,950 --> 00:31:31,279
as as you probably all know we we try to

834
00:31:34,630 --> 00:31:32,960
minimize the amount of time a spacecraft

835
00:31:36,470 --> 00:31:34,640
is in orbit after its lifetime is

836
00:31:38,870 --> 00:31:36,480
complete so that it doesn't become a

837
00:31:40,549 --> 00:31:38,880
piece of floating space junk and so we

838
00:31:42,549 --> 00:31:40,559
have rules in place about how long they

839
00:31:44,389 --> 00:31:42,559
can stay in orbit and we have to adhere

840
00:31:46,470 --> 00:31:44,399
to those and those limit us to certain

841
00:31:48,630 --> 00:31:46,480
altitudes and then there's price you

842
00:31:50,389 --> 00:31:48,640
know we we are servants of the taxpayers

843
00:31:52,149 --> 00:31:50,399
and we are trying to find the best value

844
00:31:54,710 --> 00:31:52,159
for the buck to get as many satellites

845
00:31:57,110 --> 00:31:54,720
in space as cheaply as possible and so

846
00:31:58,070 --> 00:31:57,120
we beg borrow rides wherever we can get

847
00:31:59,509 --> 00:31:58,080
them

848
00:32:01,509 --> 00:31:59,519
working with our other governmental

849
00:32:04,310 --> 00:32:01,519
partners the air force

850
00:32:07,350 --> 00:32:04,320
space test program the nro

851
00:32:10,389 --> 00:32:07,360
we also are starting to venture out into

852
00:32:11,830 --> 00:32:10,399
commercial operations and getting rides

853
00:32:14,470 --> 00:32:11,840
into space on

854
00:32:15,590 --> 00:32:14,480
on commercial rockets and also utilizing

855
00:32:17,590 --> 00:32:15,600
the commercial venue through the

856
00:32:20,310 --> 00:32:17,600
international space station to fly our

857
00:32:22,710 --> 00:32:20,320
satellites and in the future we we hope

858
00:32:24,389 --> 00:32:22,720
to ultimately see very small dedicated

859
00:32:27,430 --> 00:32:24,399
launch vehicles that can be used for

860
00:32:29,590 --> 00:32:27,440
small satellites those are emerging and

861
00:32:33,269 --> 00:32:29,600
i think are going to start to become

862
00:32:36,870 --> 00:32:35,190
thank you scott remember for reporters

863
00:32:38,549 --> 00:32:36,880
online it's star one to get into the

864
00:32:39,269 --> 00:32:38,559
question queue and

865
00:32:42,310 --> 00:32:39,279
for

866
00:32:43,350 --> 00:32:42,320
online it's hashtag ask nasa and

867
00:32:45,750 --> 00:32:43,360
kimberly have you got some more

868
00:32:47,909 --> 00:32:45,760
questions for us yes this one is for

869
00:32:50,230 --> 00:32:47,919
steve are there any joint ventures

870
00:32:51,750 --> 00:32:50,240
between esa and nasa regarding small

871
00:32:54,310 --> 00:32:51,760
satellites

872
00:32:56,789 --> 00:32:54,320
you know they're currently we do not

873
00:32:59,350 --> 00:32:56,799
have any joint ventures between esa and

874
00:33:01,909 --> 00:32:59,360
nasa on small satellites but i think

875
00:33:03,430 --> 00:33:01,919
there's opportunity in the future

876
00:33:04,549 --> 00:33:03,440
to not only have

877
00:33:06,149 --> 00:33:04,559
collaboration international

878
00:33:07,110 --> 00:33:06,159
collaboration on small satellites but

879
00:33:10,149 --> 00:33:07,120
also

880
00:33:12,630 --> 00:33:10,159
further international calculation on

881
00:33:15,029 --> 00:33:12,640
developing technologies for human and

882
00:33:16,549 --> 00:33:15,039
robotic exploration of the solar system

883
00:33:20,630 --> 00:33:16,559
i think i

884
00:33:22,870 --> 00:33:20,640
i absolutely believe that in order to

885
00:33:24,549 --> 00:33:22,880
eventually get humans on the surface of

886
00:33:26,149 --> 00:33:24,559
mars it will absolutely need to be an

887
00:33:27,990 --> 00:33:26,159
international collaboration the united

888
00:33:29,350 --> 00:33:28,000
states is not going to do it on its own

889
00:33:31,190 --> 00:33:29,360
um just like the international space

890
00:33:32,630 --> 00:33:31,200
station was you know an international

891
00:33:34,549 --> 00:33:32,640
collaboration that resulted in one of

892
00:33:36,149 --> 00:33:34,559
the greatest engineering achievements

893
00:33:38,470 --> 00:33:36,159
that you know mankind has ever

894
00:33:41,269 --> 00:33:38,480
accomplished

895
00:33:43,669 --> 00:33:41,279
not only from a technical and

896
00:33:45,029 --> 00:33:43,679
a cost standpoint should um

897
00:33:47,590 --> 00:33:45,039
human exploration solar system be

898
00:33:49,909 --> 00:33:47,600
international collaboration but just for

899
00:33:51,909 --> 00:33:49,919
uh just for humanity it ought to be

900
00:33:52,789 --> 00:33:51,919
international collaboration and so we're

901
00:33:54,870 --> 00:33:52,799
going to continue to look for

902
00:33:56,389 --> 00:33:54,880
opportunities not only to collaborate

903
00:33:58,950 --> 00:33:56,399
with the europeans

904
00:34:00,549 --> 00:33:58,960
esa and the government

905
00:34:01,909 --> 00:34:00,559
individual country space agencies but

906
00:34:05,750 --> 00:34:01,919
also

907
00:34:09,909 --> 00:34:08,230
this question is for andy

908
00:34:13,589 --> 00:34:09,919
how is the cube quest challenge

909
00:34:14,790 --> 00:34:13,599
different from the cubesat initiative

910
00:34:16,230 --> 00:34:14,800
um

911
00:34:18,829 --> 00:34:16,240
i think well they're talking about the

912
00:34:21,190 --> 00:34:18,839
cubequest challenge as a prize

913
00:34:23,589 --> 00:34:21,200
competition that the space technology

914
00:34:26,149 --> 00:34:23,599
mission directorate is is offering

915
00:34:27,190 --> 00:34:26,159
under the centennial challenges program

916
00:34:29,030 --> 00:34:27,200
in which

917
00:34:31,909 --> 00:34:29,040
there is no funding for the development

918
00:34:33,030 --> 00:34:31,919
of of a new capability

919
00:34:36,149 --> 00:34:33,040
in this case

920
00:34:37,750 --> 00:34:36,159
the capability of sending um a cubesat

921
00:34:39,109 --> 00:34:37,760
out into deep space and communicating

922
00:34:42,310 --> 00:34:39,119
back to earth

923
00:34:44,790 --> 00:34:42,320
and and a second challenge of putting uh

924
00:34:46,069 --> 00:34:44,800
cubesat into orbit around the moon

925
00:34:53,030 --> 00:34:46,079
uh

926
00:34:55,589 --> 00:34:53,040
receive um significant prize money um to

927
00:34:57,750 --> 00:34:55,599
um reward them for for making that

928
00:34:59,270 --> 00:34:57,760
accomplishment uh

929
00:35:01,829 --> 00:34:59,280
it's unlike the other things that nasa

930
00:35:04,069 --> 00:35:01,839
does in which we normally

931
00:35:06,150 --> 00:35:04,079
fund the development of a project

932
00:35:07,670 --> 00:35:06,160
along with the

933
00:35:11,750 --> 00:35:07,680
the research team that we're working

934
00:35:17,030 --> 00:35:14,390
and one for nasa

935
00:35:18,870 --> 00:35:17,040
steve has data rate testing for laser

936
00:35:20,710 --> 00:35:18,880
communications been tested and what

937
00:35:24,790 --> 00:35:20,720
types of communication would benefit the

938
00:35:26,790 --> 00:35:24,800
most traffic hydrology etc okay

939
00:35:29,190 --> 00:35:26,800
so we've actually been developing laser

940
00:35:31,430 --> 00:35:29,200
communications technology for quite some

941
00:35:33,829 --> 00:35:31,440
time now we did a very brief

942
00:35:35,030 --> 00:35:33,839
demonstration of laser communications

943
00:35:38,310 --> 00:35:35,040
from

944
00:35:42,069 --> 00:35:38,320
earth

945
00:35:42,950 --> 00:35:42,079
as part of a a nasa mission

946
00:35:45,510 --> 00:35:42,960
and

947
00:35:47,829 --> 00:35:45,520
we are developing a couple of other uh

948
00:35:49,670 --> 00:35:47,839
technologies to allow very high

949
00:35:52,230 --> 00:35:49,680
bandwidth communications you know one

950
00:35:53,670 --> 00:35:52,240
gigabit plus from geostationary orbit

951
00:35:55,190 --> 00:35:53,680
that's the laser communications relay

952
00:35:56,790 --> 00:35:55,200
demonstration mission

953
00:35:58,150 --> 00:35:56,800
um and that could definitely

954
00:35:59,910 --> 00:35:58,160
revolutionize the commercial

955
00:36:02,069 --> 00:35:59,920
communications industry there's a couple

956
00:36:03,190 --> 00:36:02,079
of things a laser com is higher

957
00:36:04,870 --> 00:36:03,200
bandwidth

958
00:36:05,750 --> 00:36:04,880
um and then the second thing is we're

959
00:36:07,990 --> 00:36:05,760
going to a different part of the

960
00:36:09,430 --> 00:36:08,000
electromagnetic spectrum the rf part of

961
00:36:11,190 --> 00:36:09,440
the spectrum is getting pretty crowded

962
00:36:13,349 --> 00:36:11,200
and we keep chopping up that spectrum in

963
00:36:15,109 --> 00:36:13,359
the smaller pieces the cram more

964
00:36:16,390 --> 00:36:15,119
satellites and more transponders in

965
00:36:18,470 --> 00:36:16,400
there and so by going to a different

966
00:36:20,630 --> 00:36:18,480
part of electromagnetic expression light

967
00:36:21,589 --> 00:36:20,640
you know we could open up a whole new

968
00:36:24,950 --> 00:36:21,599
whole new

969
00:36:26,470 --> 00:36:24,960
bandwidth regime sort of to to kind of

970
00:36:28,069 --> 00:36:26,480
sort of revolutionize commercial

971
00:36:30,790 --> 00:36:28,079
communications

972
00:36:33,589 --> 00:36:30,800
um and and also we're developing deep

973
00:36:36,230 --> 00:36:33,599
space optical communications which has

974
00:36:38,710 --> 00:36:36,240
challenges not only in laser transmitter

975
00:36:41,750 --> 00:36:38,720
power and receiver sensitivity because

976
00:36:43,109 --> 00:36:41,760
you're definitely uh a photon starved in

977
00:36:44,470 --> 00:36:43,119
deep space optical communications you

978
00:36:46,390 --> 00:36:44,480
only have a few photons you're getting

979
00:36:49,910 --> 00:36:46,400
back to actually get the data back but

980
00:36:50,710 --> 00:36:49,920
also um as was mentioned pointing

981
00:36:52,710 --> 00:36:50,720
um

982
00:36:54,230 --> 00:36:52,720
is a huge challenge for laser common

983
00:36:57,349 --> 00:36:54,240
when you're talking about com

984
00:36:59,990 --> 00:36:57,359
communications from the moon or mars

985
00:37:02,790 --> 00:37:00,000
back to earth pointing and

986
00:37:05,430 --> 00:37:02,800
stability control is super critical um

987
00:37:06,790 --> 00:37:05,440
so we're hoping as part of the next

988
00:37:08,630 --> 00:37:06,800
discovery

989
00:37:10,870 --> 00:37:08,640
class mission in out of the science

990
00:37:13,829 --> 00:37:10,880
mission directorate to demonstrate deep

991
00:37:15,109 --> 00:37:13,839
space optical communications um on one

992
00:37:16,870 --> 00:37:15,119
of those missions which will be really

993
00:37:18,630 --> 00:37:16,880
exciting and is going to be required

994
00:37:20,630 --> 00:37:18,640
both for um

995
00:37:22,230 --> 00:37:20,640
you know we mentioned how much data is

996
00:37:24,310 --> 00:37:22,240
lost in space for earth orbiting

997
00:37:26,310 --> 00:37:24,320
spacecraft well there's even more data

998
00:37:28,150 --> 00:37:26,320
lost in space from our mars orbiting

999
00:37:30,870 --> 00:37:28,160
spacecraft i think it's going to take

1000
00:37:33,190 --> 00:37:30,880
many months to get the data back from um

1001
00:37:35,510 --> 00:37:33,200
from the pluto mission

1002
00:37:38,470 --> 00:37:35,520
and so deep space optical communications

1003
00:37:40,310 --> 00:37:38,480
offers you know our ability to get a lot

1004
00:37:41,990 --> 00:37:40,320
more data and a lot more

1005
00:37:44,310 --> 00:37:42,000
science return for the deep space

1006
00:37:46,310 --> 00:37:44,320
missions that we do

1007
00:37:47,510 --> 00:37:46,320
rich welly who is on our next panel has

1008
00:37:49,349 --> 00:37:47,520
a question

1009
00:37:51,589 --> 00:37:49,359
yes good morning i wanted to follow up

1010
00:37:53,510 --> 00:37:51,599
on the earlier question about launch uh

1011
00:37:55,829 --> 00:37:53,520
as a as a cubesat builder we're always

1012
00:37:57,750 --> 00:37:55,839
worried about access to space and in the

1013
00:37:59,510 --> 00:37:57,760
early days of the cubesale world it was

1014
00:38:00,870 --> 00:37:59,520
the the regular rights of space were not

1015
00:38:02,470 --> 00:38:00,880
as available as they are now and we

1016
00:38:04,950 --> 00:38:02,480
understand that we're along for the ride

1017
00:38:07,990 --> 00:38:04,960
we're we're there at the at the uh

1018
00:38:09,990 --> 00:38:08,000
uh you know uh at the grace of the of

1019
00:38:11,190 --> 00:38:10,000
the launch provider but i think part of

1020
00:38:12,790 --> 00:38:11,200
it is just getting the launch provider

1021
00:38:14,870 --> 00:38:12,800
comfortable with the idea that cubesats

1022
00:38:16,470 --> 00:38:14,880
can fly and do no harm and my question

1023
00:38:18,550 --> 00:38:16,480
is addressed to megan and scott who are

1024
00:38:20,470 --> 00:38:18,560
dealing with the launch do you see the

1025
00:38:21,990 --> 00:38:20,480
launch providers now as becoming fully

1026
00:38:24,470 --> 00:38:22,000
comfortable with this that that

1027
00:38:26,230 --> 00:38:24,480
rideshare will become very standardized

1028
00:38:30,390 --> 00:38:26,240
as we go forward that they're that this

1029
00:38:33,430 --> 00:38:31,349
well

1030
00:38:35,030 --> 00:38:33,440
i think right now you know there's

1031
00:38:36,710 --> 00:38:35,040
there's a lot of things that do concern

1032
00:38:38,230 --> 00:38:36,720
the primary payload so we are definitely

1033
00:38:40,310 --> 00:38:38,240
in a do no harm state when it comes to

1034
00:38:42,150 --> 00:38:40,320
cubesats and i think we'll continue to

1035
00:38:44,310 --> 00:38:42,160
do that as we move forward with ride

1036
00:38:46,390 --> 00:38:44,320
shares now as ride shares become more

1037
00:38:48,230 --> 00:38:46,400
predominant i think we'll get into a

1038
00:38:50,790 --> 00:38:48,240
pretty steady rhythm for what the

1039
00:38:52,950 --> 00:38:50,800
requirements are for launching and as

1040
00:38:55,109 --> 00:38:52,960
the commercial dedicated launch segment

1041
00:38:57,109 --> 00:38:55,119
opens up in the near term i think we're

1042
00:38:59,829 --> 00:38:57,119
going to see a little bit of a change in

1043
00:39:01,270 --> 00:38:59,839
how we approach our launch to space did

1044
00:39:02,870 --> 00:39:01,280
you see that just there yeah to add on

1045
00:39:04,870 --> 00:39:02,880
to that um

1046
00:39:07,430 --> 00:39:04,880
we've been slowly

1047
00:39:09,670 --> 00:39:07,440
improving the processes for evaluating

1048
00:39:11,430 --> 00:39:09,680
the uniqueness of each spacecraft and

1049
00:39:14,630 --> 00:39:11,440
that is starting to allow and the more

1050
00:39:16,630 --> 00:39:14,640
experience that these providers get the

1051
00:39:18,069 --> 00:39:16,640
easier it is for us to get comfortable

1052
00:39:20,230 --> 00:39:18,079
once they understand the data they're

1053
00:39:23,109 --> 00:39:20,240
looking at and so slowly we've been

1054
00:39:25,109 --> 00:39:23,119
chipping away at allowing cubesats to be

1055
00:39:26,870 --> 00:39:25,119
more and more intriguing with some

1056
00:39:28,630 --> 00:39:26,880
different capabilities

1057
00:39:30,470 --> 00:39:28,640
but it's still in the end there's a risk

1058
00:39:32,390 --> 00:39:30,480
calculus that has to be done

1059
00:39:34,550 --> 00:39:32,400
where you decide whether it's worth

1060
00:39:36,630 --> 00:39:34,560
taking the chance or not so do i think

1061
00:39:38,870 --> 00:39:36,640
we're going to see any rtgs on cubesats

1062
00:39:40,790 --> 00:39:38,880
anytime soon probably not but are we

1063
00:39:43,030 --> 00:39:40,800
going to be able to see things that

1064
00:39:45,430 --> 00:39:43,040
maybe have propulsion systems that are a

1065
00:39:47,030 --> 00:39:45,440
little more energetic absolutely i think

1066
00:39:49,030 --> 00:39:47,040
there's a variety of reasons why we all

1067
00:39:50,870 --> 00:39:49,040
want to do that for uh

1068
00:39:53,829 --> 00:39:50,880
for end of life mission per end of

1069
00:39:56,069 --> 00:39:53,839
mission purposes and also for uh for

1070
00:39:58,230 --> 00:39:56,079
avoidance of conjunctions but you know

1071
00:39:59,829 --> 00:39:58,240
slowly we have to we have to provide

1072
00:40:01,589 --> 00:39:59,839
enough compelling evidence to show that

1073
00:40:04,870 --> 00:40:01,599
this hardware doesn't represent an undue

1074
00:40:06,710 --> 00:40:04,880
risk and and we'll get there

1075
00:40:09,190 --> 00:40:06,720
once again if you're on the telephone uh

1076
00:40:12,230 --> 00:40:09,200
press star one to get into the question

1077
00:40:14,150 --> 00:40:12,240
queue and if you're online hashtag ask

1078
00:40:16,710 --> 00:40:14,160
nasa to get your question in and

1079
00:40:18,710 --> 00:40:16,720
kimberly do you have some more questions

1080
00:40:21,270 --> 00:40:18,720
i have a question for megan

1081
00:40:23,109 --> 00:40:21,280
when will cube the cubestats be released

1082
00:40:25,190 --> 00:40:23,119
will they be deployed all at once or

1083
00:40:27,510 --> 00:40:25,200
separately and how long will they remain

1084
00:40:28,710 --> 00:40:27,520
operational

1085
00:40:31,030 --> 00:40:28,720
so uh

1086
00:40:32,710 --> 00:40:31,040
so the process in which that your launch

1087
00:40:34,950 --> 00:40:32,720
standardly that the cubesats are

1088
00:40:37,270 --> 00:40:34,960
released after the primary payload so

1089
00:40:39,109 --> 00:40:37,280
again not to interfere

1090
00:40:40,550 --> 00:40:39,119
they're usually staged from their

1091
00:40:42,630 --> 00:40:40,560
deployment so they have a deployment

1092
00:40:45,829 --> 00:40:42,640
sequence so they're not launched all at

1093
00:40:47,270 --> 00:40:45,839
once in a large cloud

1094
00:40:49,190 --> 00:40:47,280
i'm sorry what was the last part of that

1095
00:40:51,589 --> 00:40:49,200
question

1096
00:40:53,589 --> 00:40:51,599
you completed two let's see how long

1097
00:40:56,390 --> 00:40:53,599
will they remain operational

1098
00:40:58,630 --> 00:40:56,400
so cubes their operational life varies

1099
00:41:00,470 --> 00:40:58,640
depending upon the internal components

1100
00:41:02,069 --> 00:41:00,480
the size of the spacecraft and what

1101
00:41:04,550 --> 00:41:02,079
their mission is

1102
00:41:08,230 --> 00:41:04,560
so on average we see cubesats last

1103
00:41:10,309 --> 00:41:08,240
anywhere from one to two years

1104
00:41:14,870 --> 00:41:10,319
just depending upon what their their

1105
00:41:17,990 --> 00:41:16,390
my next question

1106
00:41:19,750 --> 00:41:18,000
for scott

1107
00:41:21,910 --> 00:41:19,760
what resources are available to help a

1108
00:41:24,150 --> 00:41:21,920
new student team select and develop

1109
00:41:25,750 --> 00:41:24,160
their very first cubesat

1110
00:41:27,670 --> 00:41:25,760
hmm okay

1111
00:41:30,069 --> 00:41:27,680
um i i would i would think in the

1112
00:41:32,309 --> 00:41:30,079
academic community talking to your

1113
00:41:33,829 --> 00:41:32,319
to your colleagues from other schools

1114
00:41:35,270 --> 00:41:33,839
that's probably the first and foremost

1115
00:41:37,349 --> 00:41:35,280
thing that i would recommend there are a

1116
00:41:39,430 --> 00:41:37,359
lot of academic institutions that have

1117
00:41:42,069 --> 00:41:39,440
now gotten their feet wet and built

1118
00:41:44,309 --> 00:41:42,079
their first spacecraft and the cubesat

1119
00:41:47,190 --> 00:41:44,319
community academic community especially

1120
00:41:49,990 --> 00:41:47,200
is still a very tight-knit community and

1121
00:41:51,990 --> 00:41:50,000
folks are are more than willing to share

1122
00:41:54,630 --> 00:41:52,000
their experiences so that would be my my

1123
00:41:57,430 --> 00:41:54,640
first suggestion the other one is uh is

1124
00:41:59,990 --> 00:41:57,440
reach out to uh to industry

1125
00:42:01,910 --> 00:42:00,000
industry there there are a wide variety

1126
00:42:03,589 --> 00:42:01,920
of standard cubesat parts that are now

1127
00:42:06,150 --> 00:42:03,599
available that you can buy on the

1128
00:42:08,470 --> 00:42:06,160
internet um we have actually a new

1129
00:42:10,230 --> 00:42:08,480
industry has been created uh with the

1130
00:42:11,670 --> 00:42:10,240
small set movement and um there are

1131
00:42:13,589 --> 00:42:11,680
variety of companies around the country

1132
00:42:15,349 --> 00:42:13,599
around the world that sell these parts

1133
00:42:17,190 --> 00:42:15,359
and they are they're willing to provide

1134
00:42:20,390 --> 00:42:17,200
advice as well

1135
00:42:22,710 --> 00:42:20,400
i'd like that add to that

1136
00:42:25,829 --> 00:42:22,720
our program offers an opportunity for

1137
00:42:27,589 --> 00:42:25,839
universities to propose projects to nasa

1138
00:42:29,109 --> 00:42:27,599
it's called small sat technology

1139
00:42:30,309 --> 00:42:29,119
partnerships

1140
00:42:32,790 --> 00:42:30,319
and we're going to be doing this every

1141
00:42:34,550 --> 00:42:32,800
year university can propose a project

1142
00:42:37,270 --> 00:42:34,560
that they want to do in relation to

1143
00:42:38,069 --> 00:42:37,280
small spacecraft including cubesats

1144
00:42:40,630 --> 00:42:38,079
and

1145
00:42:43,030 --> 00:42:40,640
in addition to the award we make to them

1146
00:42:46,790 --> 00:42:43,040
we provide

1147
00:42:48,230 --> 00:42:46,800
up to one one person uh of nasa labor to

1148
00:42:50,790 --> 00:42:48,240
work with them so that they can

1149
00:42:52,870 --> 00:42:50,800
collaborate with nasa

1150
00:42:54,470 --> 00:42:52,880
and nasa gets the benefit of the fresh

1151
00:42:57,990 --> 00:42:54,480
ideas coming from the universities as

1152
00:43:03,270 --> 00:42:59,910
my last question

1153
00:43:05,030 --> 00:43:03,280
is general so i guess uh nasa or nro or

1154
00:43:06,870 --> 00:43:05,040
any of you guys could answer this how

1155
00:43:09,190 --> 00:43:06,880
long would it take a spacecraft this

1156
00:43:11,270 --> 00:43:09,200
size to go to the moon

1157
00:43:13,270 --> 00:43:11,280
that's a good question

1158
00:43:17,510 --> 00:43:13,280
i'll start yeah

1159
00:43:21,990 --> 00:43:18,630
how much

1160
00:43:23,589 --> 00:43:22,000
um

1161
00:43:25,270 --> 00:43:23,599
so yeah i can't really answer that

1162
00:43:26,630 --> 00:43:25,280
question without knowing how it's

1163
00:43:27,829 --> 00:43:26,640
getting there

1164
00:43:29,190 --> 00:43:27,839
different rockets have different

1165
00:43:31,589 --> 00:43:29,200
capabilities

1166
00:43:35,030 --> 00:43:31,599
and so depending upon how hard they push

1167
00:43:36,870 --> 00:43:35,040
it how much velocity they give to it

1168
00:43:38,390 --> 00:43:36,880
and how much it provides itself does it

1169
00:43:40,710 --> 00:43:38,400
have its own onboard propulsion system

1170
00:43:44,630 --> 00:43:40,720
can it propel itself and how robust is

1171
00:43:47,109 --> 00:43:44,640
that capability so it depends

1172
00:43:48,710 --> 00:43:47,119
just to add a little to that

1173
00:43:51,030 --> 00:43:48,720
because we've looked at really doing it

1174
00:43:53,190 --> 00:43:51,040
two different ways one is as

1175
00:43:54,390 --> 00:43:53,200
scott was saying it can ride along on

1176
00:43:56,150 --> 00:43:54,400
something already

1177
00:43:57,670 --> 00:43:56,160
on its way to the moon which makes it a

1178
00:43:59,910 --> 00:43:57,680
lot easier for for such a small

1179
00:44:02,150 --> 00:43:59,920
spacecraft then to get there we've also

1180
00:44:03,910 --> 00:44:02,160
looked uh at least in a preliminary way

1181
00:44:05,510 --> 00:44:03,920
at what it would take to

1182
00:44:07,750 --> 00:44:05,520
have a very small spacecraft with its

1183
00:44:09,589 --> 00:44:07,760
own propulsion system

1184
00:44:11,750 --> 00:44:09,599
orbiting out away from the earth out out

1185
00:44:14,230 --> 00:44:11,760
toward the moon uh in that kind of case

1186
00:44:15,430 --> 00:44:14,240
it might take maybe a year two years or

1187
00:44:17,510 --> 00:44:15,440
even longer

1188
00:44:19,030 --> 00:44:17,520
but there are cases where that might be

1189
00:44:20,309 --> 00:44:19,040
a very interesting type of mission that

1190
00:44:22,470 --> 00:44:20,319
could be done with an electric

1191
00:44:24,630 --> 00:44:22,480
propulsion system

1192
00:44:27,829 --> 00:44:24,640
a very low cost way of getting a small

1193
00:44:29,510 --> 00:44:27,839
payload to the moon so we're looking at

1194
00:44:32,069 --> 00:44:29,520
some more novel concepts like that as

1195
00:44:34,470 --> 00:44:33,109
okay

1196
00:44:35,910 --> 00:44:34,480
that's all the time we have for today

1197
00:44:37,910 --> 00:44:35,920
and i would like to thank our panel and

1198
00:44:41,109 --> 00:44:37,920
everyone who joined us today

1199
00:44:44,150 --> 00:44:41,119
our next briefing we'll discuss the five

1200
00:44:46,470 --> 00:44:44,160
nasa cubesat missions launching tomorrow

1201
00:44:49,349 --> 00:44:46,480
uh the united launch alliance atlas v

1202
00:44:52,069 --> 00:44:49,359
rocket is set to launch at 5 49 a.m

1203
00:44:54,550 --> 00:44:52,079
pacific time from vandenberg air force

1204
00:44:57,829 --> 00:44:54,560
base and our coverage on nasa television

1205
00:45:00,470 --> 00:44:57,839
will begin at 5 19 a.m pacific

1206
00:45:02,309 --> 00:45:00,480
8 19 a.m eastern time

1207
00:45:04,390 --> 00:45:02,319
this press conference will be available

1208
00:45:07,190 --> 00:45:04,400
in about an hour from now and for the

1209
00:45:11,829 --> 00:45:07,200
next 30 days for replay by calling

1210
00:45:15,670 --> 00:45:13,670
and you can find out more about nasa's

1211
00:45:16,710 --> 00:45:15,680
various cubesat programs and missions by